The First Reactor Essay Example For Students

The First Reactor Essay The First ReactorThe First Reactor accounts the origination and usage of the principal self-supporting atomic heap. The booklet has three fundamental areas to it. The first recounts the history and foundation of the associations and exploration that were utilized for the earth shattering investigation, just as the genuine procedures that happened on December 2, 1942. The subsequent area is fundamentally a short outline of the first. The third segment reports some portion of Enrico Fermis life and the mystery encompassing his work, from his wifes viewpoint. Long stretches of exploration went into the summit of the primary self-continuing atomic response. Distinctive primer analyses were finished by numerous researchers to find the properties and complexities of neutron creation and collaboration. All paving the way to the decisive day under the west stands of Stagg Field when the principal fruitful self-supporting response happened, or as they keenly state in the booklet, The Italian guide has arrived in the New World. The privileged insights of the atomic ventures were firmly protected. So close indeed, that not even Enricos own significant other was permitted to know. In the segment composed by her, recounting her bewilderment, we get a feeling of how emphatically the characterized data was kept from the individuals who didnt need to know. Science

Free Essays on Star Dust

Star Dust Have you at any point considered what number of various items and particles enter earth’s climate regular. The earth is becoming fatter under consistent minute whirlwind of room spots. The earth assembles 100 tons of room dust regular. These space particles originate from all the over the universe, from the space rocks in the space rock belt to bits of far off planets from the residue that was there when our planet was made. By examining these residue particles, astrophysicists state we can find out about our inestimable roots. Vast particles are surrounding us, in any case, it is close to difficult to disclose to it separated from all the natural particles noticeable all around. Such things as dust, contamination, soil, human skin, and so forth. Not exclusively is space dust hard to see it’s considerably harder to get, they are the size of 100 micrometers (Or the width of a hair). To gather space dust researcher have gone to Antarctica. Where there are little to known about earth’s skimming particles. The Amundsen-Scott South Pole station draws its drinking water from a well in a depression of the endless ice. As the water is siphoned up through a little opening on a superficial level, the water is warmed and shot down to dissolve more ice. As the ice dissolves, it liberates the space particles that were in the snowflakes. There was a great deal of develop of particles on the well floor. Considering these particles was as simple as tossing a can down an opening. Another way dust particles are gathered is to connect clingy film to a high height airplane. When the Astrophysicist have caught the residue, they can decide how quick it entered the earth’s climate along these lines letting us know whether it originated from a comet, space rocks, or virginal stardust. The Astrophysicist decides the speed of the residue by placing the residue molecule in a stove. They rise the temperature until the minerals in the residue molecule begin to dissipate. On the off chance that the minerals vanish at 901 degrees yet not at 900 we realize that the residue molecule was warmed to a mama... Free Essays on Star Dust Free Essays on Star Dust Star Dust Have you at any point thought about what number of various articles and particles enter earth’s air ordinary. The earth is becoming fatter under consistent minute whirlwind of room spots. The earth assembles 100 tons of room dust regular. These space particles originate from all the over the universe, from the space rocks in the space rock belt to bits of far off planets from the residue that was there when our planet was made. By considering these residue particles, astrophysicists state we can find out about our inestimable roots. Astronomical particles are surrounding us, be that as it may, it is close to difficult to disclose to it separated from all the natural particles noticeable all around. Such things as dust, contamination, soil, human skin, and so forth. Not exclusively is space dust hard to see it’s much harder to get, they are the size of 100 micrometers (Or the width of a hair). To gather space dust researcher have gone to Antarctica. Where there are littl e to known about earth’s skimming particles. The Amundsen-Scott South Pole station draws its drinking water from a well in a pit of the ceaseless ice. As the water is siphoned up through a little gap on a superficial level, the water is warmed and shot down to soften more ice. As the ice softens, it liberates the space particles that were in the snowflakes. There was a ton of develop of particles on the well floor. Examining these particles was as simple as tossing a basin down a gap. Another way dust particles are gathered is to join clingy film to a high height airplane. When the Astrophysicist have caught the residue, they can decide how quick it entered the earth’s environment in this way letting us know whether it originated from a comet, space rocks, or virginal stardust. The Astrophysicist decides the speed of the residue by placing the residue molecule in a stove. They rise the temperature until the minerals in the residue molecule begin to dissipate. On the off chance that the minerals dissipate at 901 degrees however not at 900 we realize that the residue molecule was warmed to a mama...

How To Get Into a School When Your Grades are too low TKG

How To Get Into a School When Your Grades are too low Not everyone can be a straight A-student, and not everyone can have and maintain a 4.0+ GPA. We get that. While grades and test scores are important in the college admissions process, they aren’t absolutely everything. We have worked with a great deal of students who are either strong students but have below-average test scores, or who are on the cusp of achieving an A-average, but certainly have a GPA that falls markedly below that cut-off. We’ve helped a lot of students gain admission to schools of their choice despite these softer spots in their profile.All of that said, we have to include this very real fact: grades and scores matter greatly. If you’re a C-range student and are aiming for a Yale, it’s probably not going to happen. That’s not to say that there aren’t hundreds of schools that would be an undoubtedly great fit for students who don’t have straight As. But we’re here to be straight with you. Your grades are the single most important thing in your appli cation and your testing numbers are up there, too. There are ways to strengthen your application and make it stand out in a way that grabs your application reader’s attention and makes a compelling case. It’s possible to get into your first-choice school with an imperfect transcript, and here’s how: creativity.The essay component(s) of the application is your shot to showcase your voice and present a different side of yourself that sheds light on your personality. It’s your chance to be seriously creative, and we encourage all of our students to think way outside the box when possible. We’ve had students succeed by foregoing the typical essay format in response to a prompt on a college’s supplement and write a poetic response adhering to all of the rules of iambic pentameter because they’re passionate about Shakespeare. We have had students write 600 words about their subway rides. We encourage our students to think small. Yes, that’s correct. Not only small, but we tell them to think small and new.Every part of your application should be unique, particularly the essays, so don’t waste precious essay space writing about an item that already appears in another part of your application. It also must tell a story, and a creative one at that. We like to compare your application to a dinner: you don’t need two pasta dishes, even if one is couscous and the other is penne. They may look different and have different flavor profiles, but the content at its core is the same and it’s repetitive.If the prompt asks you to pontificate on one of your greatest accomplishments, we’d argue that you not write about how you learned to speak fluent French while working in Paris last summer because your French abilities and job are both already listed in your Common Application. The readers know this information. While the story might be exciting and give more details, it’s not new, and it doesn’t expose or explore a different part of your personality. T ake every opportunity to share something new. As such, we’d suggest you write about when you took on the challenging task of cooking coq au vin for your French host family or how your host dad taught you about the key ingredient of a perfect French salad dressing (champagne vinegar). The story is not the internship, nor is it your language skillsâ€"it’s a story about how your interest in something that has yet to be presented in your application has evolved. Creativity and a compelling, relatable story will make you stand out and may just be able to make up for that B you got in freshman year history.But we’d be remiss not to mention another option for a lot of students who fall short when it comes to testing: test-optional schools. The idea gives schools a false reputation for being less academically-focused, but it’s quite the opposite. They just have a different set of metrics. There are a number of wonderful, academically-rigorous, and renowned schools that are test-opti onal who we have sent our students to and who are incredibly happy. To mention a few:Bowdoin CollegeBates CollegeSmith CollegeBryn Mawr CollegeWesleyan UniversityMount Holyoke CollegePitzer CollegeSkidmore CollegeGeorge Washington UniversityWake Forest UniversityWe’ve helped so many students unleash their inner creativity and put together some truly impressive applications with a range of GPAs and test scoresâ€"if you need help, just give us a shout. We’d be excited to work with you.

Cohort Follow Up Studies Cardiovascular Disease ( Cvd )

Cohort Follow-up Studies: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Demetrius Beauford Strayer University Professor Davis HAS 535 Managerial Epidemiology August 15, 2014 Introduction Cardiovascular disease is the disease that influences the veins which incorporate veins, corridors and vessels and the heart, overall this framework is known as the cardiovascular system. This disease is confounded for the coronary illness and comprises of plentiful issues joined with a natural methodology known as atherosclerosis; when substances develop in the dividers of the conduits. Under the cardiovascular disease flag, there are coronary diseases which influence the corridors, hear musicality issues, known as arrhythmias lastly the cogenital heart defects. The World Health Organization group cardiovascular disease into inherent coronary illness, cerebrovascular disease, coronary infection, rheumatic coronary illness, peripheral arterial disease and the profound vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Cardiovascular ailment (CVD) has long been viewed as an issue which essentially influences men in our general public; attention of the event of heart assaults in females, for instance, has been to a great extent a reconsideration. In the recent years, in any case, it has ended up progressively evident that this is not an issue constrained to guys, yet that it happens with extraordinary recurrence in ladies. We now realize that CVD is the reason for death more than any condition in ladies beyond 50Show MoreRelatedCohort Follow-u`Studies: Cardiovascular Disease1291 Words   |  5 PagesCohort Follow-up Studies – Cardiovascular Disease: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death and mortality across the globe, especially because of its increase in low and middle income countries. The disease is commonly referred to as heart disease since it’s a group of diseases that involve the heart, blood vessels or both. Generally, the disease involves abnormal functioning of the heart of blood vessels, which increases the risk of heart failure, heart attack, cardiac rhythm issuesRead MoreNutrition Case Study1159 Words   |  5 PagesParenteral administration of the Mg supplement is contraindicated in patients with heart block or myocardial damage (66). Role in cardiovascular disease Mg is associated with a number of conditions and chronic diseases. It can prevent inflammatory and oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular reactivity, increased vascular tone, hypertension, CVD, stroke, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity (63) (Figure 2). Thus the consumption of magnesium-rich foods isRead MoreEssay On Persian Registry Of Cardiovascular Disease1211 Words   |  5 Pagescalled â€Å"Persian Registry of Cardiovascular Disease (PROVE)† in order to be used for future research and also as a tool to develop national guidelines for diagnostic, treatment and prevention patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this paper, the design and methodology of the PROVE pilot study, started in Isfahan in 2015, will be discussed. . Methods Through establishing PROVE, patient’s data were collected from hospitals and outpatient clinics and followed up for a maximum of three yearsRead MoreMaternal Obesity Induce Offspring with Risk of Cardiovascular Disease1700 Words   |  7 PagesMaternal obesity induce offspring with risk of cardiovascular disease Introduction: The rate of obesity for the human population has shown to be increased expeditiously in the past decades. It has continuously raised health concerns among the world, and is likely to remain in times to come. This phenomenon is primarily due to the lifestyle changes resulting in high-energy intake coupling with decreased physical activity (Cameron et al. 2003). Obesity is identified by the high adipose tissue,Read MoreCorrelation Between Peanut Butter And Nut Consumption With Cvd1655 Words   |  7 Pagesand nut consumption with CVD, including CHD and stroke among women with type 2 diabetes. Another objective they had was to examine whether nuts positively influence the risk of CVD through markers of inflammation or modulation of plasma lipids. The population was composed of 6,309 women with diabetes who were followed up until the year 2002. Methods This was a cohort study, in which the participants were followed from 1980 to 2002, or 54,656 person years of follow-up. Person years is a measurementRead MoreArak, Isfahan Healthal Population-Based Study763 Words   |  4 PagesThe ICS is a longitudinal population-based study, with 6504 adults subjects aged ≠¥35 years at the baseline examination, enrolled in 2001 using multistage random cluster sampling [18]. The subjects living in three Iranian central areas (Arak, Isfahan, and Najafabad), enrolled in the Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP), were recruited for ICS [14, 19]. The IHHP design was previously reported [20]. Isfahan is a city with a population of 1986542, the second most populous metropolitan area in Iran afterRead MoreCardiovascular Disease Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation adopting unhealthy lifestyles that lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD).1, 2 Stroke and coronary heart disease are the two leading health conditions and leading cause of death in es tablished countries. However, these two types of cardiovascular disease have identifiable risk factors that can be modified to reduce the risk of developing CVD.3 Additionally, due to an increase in the prevalence of obesity, primary prevention for CVD is catching the attention of many healthcare professionalsRead MoreNon Invasive Sub Clinical Cardiovascular Disease ( Cvd ) Assessment Tools3878 Words   |  16 PagesTitle: Association of â€Å"non-invasive sub-clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) assessment tools† with sleep duration and sleep quality. A systematic review 1. INTRODUCTION Sleep is essential to life, and it is estimated that humans spend one third of their lifetime sleeping 1. An estimated 50-70 million Americans suffer from sleep disorders, yet only 20% report it to their physicians. Poor sleep may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and has serious biological consequences 2. A growingRead MoreCase Study1121 Words   |  5 PagesA detailed description of the Swedish Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk (AMORIS) cohort can be found elsewhere (14,15). Briefly, this database comprises 812,073 Swedish men and women with blood samples sent for laboratory evaluation to the Central Automation Laboratory (CALAB) in Stockholm, Sweden, during the period 1985 to 1996 (16-18). Individuals recruited were primarily from the greater Stockholm area and, were either healthy and having laboratory testing as part of a general health check orRead More Physical Activity and Body Weight vs Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease2463 Words   |  10 PagesCardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common and well known afflictions in modern society. It kills and hospitalizes many people every year. CVD is actually a rather broad category of affliction. It encompasses any disease or condition that affects the heart. These conditions have effects that range from mild to surgical repair and even to death in extreme cases. The causes of CVD are fairly well known. It is directly linked to both physical activity (and the obesity

Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) versus Serial Analysis of...

Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) versus Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) INTRODUCTION Expressed sequence tag or also known as EST are 200 to 800 unedited nucleotide bases in length, and randomly selected single pass sequence reads which are derived from the cDNA libraries while serial analysis of gene expression or SAGE have more shorter sequence tags with only 10 to 20 base pairs. But even it is short it still have enough information to uniquely identify a transcript, especially if it is obtained from a unique position in each of the transcripts. Serial analysis of gene expression is a method or technique designed to gain a direct and quantitative measure of overall gene expression pattern. It is basically a sequence based†¦show more content†¦ETS also can determine definitively the number of copies of each transcript per cell and highlight any differential gene expression. EST includes an inefficient sequencing step, in which one sequencing process yields only one cDNA sequence. Although the more recent methods of hybridization based analyses (DNA microarray) using immobilized cDNAs (Schena et al., 1995) or oligonucleotides (Lockhart et al., 1996) can potentially examine the expression patterns of a relatively large number of genes, the method can only examine expressed sequences that have already been identified. In contrast, the SAGE method allows for a quantitative and simultaneous analysis of a large number of transcripts in any particular cells or tissues, without prior knowledge of the genes (Velculescu et al., 1995). METHODOLOGY The SAGE method is based on the isolation of unique sequence tags from individual mRNAs and concatenation of tags serially into long DNA molecules for lump sum sequencing. It can be applied to the studies exploring virtually any kinds of biological phenomena in which the changes in cellular transcription are responsible. SAGE is based mainly on three principles, firstly, a short sequence tags, 10 to 15 base pairs contains sufficient information to uniquely identify a transcript provided that the tag is obtained from a unique position within each transcript to allow the efficient sequencing analysis. SecondlyShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ SociologyRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure

A Robotic Body Via Remote Neuron Detectors - 1438 Words

Humanity has always sought immortality, but now, immortality is more feasible than ever before. Due to recent scientific advances, rat brain cells have been extracted and then grown independently of a body. These cells have been used to control a robotic body via remote neuron detectors. The researcher leading the study, Kevin Warwick, is confident that as technology progresses, the size of these human-created biological brains will increase dramatically, soon reaching the level of approximately 60 percent of a human brain (Warwick 230). This indicates the possibility of eventual human brain transplant to a robotic body. IBM has recently announced that, using their Dawn system of Blue Gene supercomputers, IBM researchers have simulated a†¦show more content†¦These two views seem difficult to reconcile, but there has been a great deal of productive dialogue, and attempts at narrowing the issue. Other groups of engineering philosophers, represented by Neely, have argued that i f a machine has self-interests and is not defined by external human inputs, it must be considered a rational agent, and afforded rights as befits such a station. Cybernetics researchers argue that Warwick’s study, IBM’s AI(Artificial Intelligence) project, and similar efforts force the resolution of this debate, and suggest that robots must inevitably be treated as humans as their intelligence increases (Warwick 223-234). Because these disparate views are a direct result of shareholder’s direct values, negotiating an acceptable solution requires understanding each stakeholder’s underlying values. A solution that encompasses only one’s personal opinions is no better than imposing one’s will upon others. Even if this solution is enforced by legislation, if the solution does not have shareholder backing it will be undermined by shareholders, and avoided by loopholes. The proposed solution is to consider biological brains composed of human neuro ns, regardless of how these neurons were cultured, and AI that is a direct simulation of a synaptic brain, as intelligent life. Because these biological brains and AI are

Introduction to Antibiotics free essay sample

Antibiotics are among the most frequently used medications in the world today. A. They can cure anything from your minor discomforts to a life-threatening disease. B. However, if misused, antibiotics can cause many problems. II. Antibiotics are so overused, that the human body is becoming resistant to its cures. III. This morning I will show you that misusing antibiotics can be done without a person even realizing that they are doing it. A. First, antibiotics are used to feed animals to help with faster growth. B. Second, doctors are prescribing antibiotics when they don’t cure the disease the patient has. C. Third, when a patient is prescribed an antibiotic, they may not continue taking the prescribed amount after the symptoms are gone. (Transition: You may not know it, but you might be consuming antibiotics when you eat a hamburger. ) Body 1. Throughout the years, antibiotics have been used in an agricultural setting to feed the animals and promote growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Antibiotics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A. An article dated January 28, 2008 entitled â€Å"Fight to Curtail Antibiotics in Animal Feed† by Sabin Russell in the San Francisco Chronicle, explains benefits and consequences of using antibiotics to feed these animals. . 70 percent of U. S. antibiotics are used in small doses in animal feed; not to treat disease but to promote the growth of the animals. 2. Antibiotics increase the speed of food-to-muscle conversion by 5 percent. 3. Antibiotics that are fed to cattle have been tied to the drug-resistances of salmonella which is found in humans. B. In his 2008 article â€Å"Antibiotic Resistance† in the Genetics Encyclopedia, Paul K. Small cited that the use of antibiotics in animal feeding is associated with antibiotic- resistant strains of bacteria. Transition: However, there are other ways that humans can become resistant to antibiotics other than simply consuming the meat of animals who had previously consumed an antibiotic. ) II. Misuses of antibiotics have also been linked to poor prescriptions that doctors give to their patients. A. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration stated in their article â€Å"Facts About Antibiotic Resistance† that antibiotics are given to patients more often than healthcare organizations recommend. 1. Doctors use antibiotics as treatment for the common cold or the flu, both of which are viruses that do not respond to antibiotics. . Some physicians are diagnosing a patient with little information about their symptoms, and will prescribe an antibiotic as a just-in-case. B. Doctors Thomas Hooten and Stuart Levy of the CME wrote in an article entitled â€Å"Confronting the Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: Overprescribing Antibiotics† blame the overprescribing on the doctors themselves. 1. Doctors may pr escribe broad-spectrum antibiotics instead of specific antibiotics to treat the symptoms that the patient has. a. Broad- Spectrum antibiotics are used prior to finding the cause of bacteria in a life-threatening situation, such as meningitis. Doctors use these when there are multiple bacteria causing illnesses that need to be treated. b. Specific antibiotics are used against a select bacterial type, or when the bacteria causing an illness are known. 2. Physicians prescribe antibiotics to simply please the patient. a. Patients request the medication, making doctors feel the need to fill the prescription to keep the patents satisfied with the office. b. Patients pressure doctors into prescribing certain mediations so they can get back to work or school sooner. (Transition: Have you ever been prescribed a medication for a sickness, and stopped taking it when your symptoms stopped? III. After the symptoms have stopped, a lot of people stop taking the antibiotics that they were prescribed. A. In an article written September 24, 2008 â€Å"The New Superbugs† printed in the Times of India, Bennett Colemen addresses the problems after an antibiotic is prescribed. 1. Patients use leftover medication if the symptoms come back in the future. 2. Drugs are distributed illegally- people who have used the drug for certain symptoms will give it to others who are currently having the symptoms. B. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration also address this problem. 1. Patients who are prescribed antibiotics but don’t take the full prescription can cause a resistance to that antibiotic. 2. When people do not complete the scheduled course, the medication can act as a â€Å"vaccination† for the surviving bacteria. (Transition: As you can see, it is sometimes impossible to be aware that you are not using an antibiotic in the correct way. ) Conclusion I. Although people may think that the antibiotic is the â€Å"cure all† medication, using them when it is not needed will cause you many problems. II. The misuse of antibiotics can be happening in many ways, three of which I have just addressed. A. Antibiotics that are being used in feeding agricultural animals to promote growth. B. Doctors over prescribing or wrongly prescribing an antibiotic. C. Patients who refuse to finish their full prescription, and continue taking a prescription when the symptoms reoccur. III. Antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed medicines in modern medicine. A. Antibiotics are vital in curing life-threatening diseases. B. Antibiotics should be used the way that they are meant to be used, so that they can benefit the users as much as possible.

The For A Family History Project Essay Example For Students

The For A Family History Project Essay â€Å"Huh. Never knew that.† Sitting at his computer a twelve year old version of myself looked intently at a computer screen. â€Å"This does explain the coat of arms Dad has hanging in the toilet though.† While researching for a family history project the young Tom ahd stumbled onto some surprising information. His last name, Drummond, is a historically Scottish name. â€Å"Always told I was English but whatever†.Originating in the highlands of Scotland the Drummond family has an extensive noble lineage. The current head of the family or clan holds the title of Earl of Perth and there is even a Scottish Queen somewhere back in the history. They were and still are a family with multiple castles, one even called Drummond Castle. â€Å"I should really verify this information with a non-Wikipedia â„ ¢ site. We will write a custom essay on The For A Family History Project specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now † In accordance with the his thoughts the boy went back to his initial Google â„ ¢ search and went clicked on some more reputable scholarly journals. â€Å"That clears that up then,† the new sites corroborating his previous research. A very interesting and exciting genealogy to work into†¦. â€Å"seems like a lot of trouble truthfully†. With this in mind he thought back to some of the more recent histories of the Drummond family he had been told. â€Å" I first met your father in a pub†¦ and he was drunk as a skunk. † â€Å"Thanks for sparing my innocent sensibilities there Mum† Continuing on unawares of her son’s traitorous thoughts my Mum thought back to a day many years ago. â€Å" I was working as a bartender in a pub called the Lost Dene. No idea even what that could mean, whenever I asked Thomas, the owner, â€Å"WAIT! was I named after a bar owner!?† â€Å"Noooo† the uncomfortable look on her face told a different story. â€Å" Anyway, moving on.he always dodged the question. The pub it. .y angry fiance. â€Å"You too really have no filter when it comes to your children do you?† As I said I don’t remember much but I apparently came to The Lost Dene already drunk, fell over the doorstop, face planted but got back up, and started asking your mother to marry me with various volumes and words. Your mother says I then went out back to throw up and never came back. She went out to check on me and found me passed out by the dustbins. Searching my pockets to preemptively steal my wallet and keys she found the ring I had gotten the last week. That is apparently the only reason she didn’t kill me, the ring implied I had thought about this while sober. She did leave me in the alley as punishment though.† â€Å" I really did not need to know any of that thank you† â€Å" Well now you do, any other questions?† â€Å".was I named after a bar owner?† â€Å"Nooooo†¦.† â€Å"Goddamn it.†

Ottoman Empire Society and Structure

Ottoman Empire Society and Structure The Ottoman Empire was organized into a very complicated social structure  because it was a large, multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Ottoman society was divided between Muslims and non-Muslims, with Muslims theoretically having a higher standing than Christians or Jews. During the early years of Ottoman rule, a Sunni Turkish minority ruled over a Christian majority, as well as a sizable Jewish minority. Key Christian ethnic groups included the Greeks, Armenians, and Assyrians, as well as Coptic Egyptians. As people of the Book, other monotheists were treated with respect. Under the millet system, the people of each faith were ruled and judged under their own laws: for Muslims, canon law for Christians, and halakha for Jewish citizens. Although non-Muslims sometimes paid higher taxes, and Christians were subject to the  blood tax, a tax paid in male children, there was not a lot of day-to-day differentiation between people of different faiths. In theory, non-Muslims were barred from holding high office, but enforcement of that regulation was lax during much of the Ottoman period. During the later years, non-Muslims became the minority due to secession and out-migration, but they were still treated quite equitably. By the time the Ottoman Empire collapsed after World War I, its population was 81% Muslim. Government Versus Non-Government Workers Another important social distinction was that between people who worked for the government versus people who did not. Again, theoretically, only Muslims could be part of the sultans government, although they could be converts from Christianity or Judaism. It did not matter if a person was born free or was a slave; either could rise to a position of power. People associated with the Ottoman court or divan were considered higher status than those who were not. They included members of the sultans household, army and navy officers and enlisted men, central and regional bureaucrats, scribes, teachers, judges, and lawyers, as well as members of the other professions. This entire bureaucratic machinery made up only about 10% of the population, and was overwhelmingly Turkish, although some minority groups were represented in the bureaucracy and the military through the devshirme system. Members of the governing class ranged from the sultan and his grand vizier, through regional governors and officers of the Janissary corps, down to nisanci or court calligrapher.  The government became known collectively as the Sublime Porte, after the gate to the administrative building complex. The remaining 90% of the population were the tax-payers who supported the elaborate Ottoman bureaucracy. They included skilled and unskilled laborers, such as farmers, tailors, merchants, carpet-makers, mechanics, etc. The vast majority of the sultans Christian and Jewish subjects fell into this category. According to Muslim tradition, the government should welcome the conversion of any subject who was willing to become Muslim. However, since Muslims paid lower taxes than members of other religions, ironically it was in the Ottoman divans interests to have the largest possible number of non-Muslim subjects. A mass conversion would have spelled economic disaster for the Ottoman Empire. In Summary Essentially, then, the Ottoman Empire had a small but elaborate government bureaucracy, made up almost entirely of Muslims, most of them of Turkish origin. This divan was supported by a large cohort of mixed religion and ethnicity, mostly farmers, who paid taxes to the central government. Source Sugar, Peter. Ottoman Social and State Structure. Southeastern Europe Under Ottoman Rule, 1354 - 1804. University of Washington Press, 1977.

Chemical Engineering Dissertaion. Designing a venturi scrubber Essay

Chemical Engineering Dissertaion. Designing a venturi scrubber - Essay Example This happens in the bottleneck of the venturi. Behind this bottleneck, the pressure drops, reducing flow velocity back to normal. At this point, contaminant particles are collected and removed. A venture scrubber is the simplest but most compact but efficient wet dust collector. It collection efficiency is rated from 0.2 Â µ particles when high linear gas velocities ranging 50 to 150m/s reach the throat as the gas is contacted with water. Therefore, collection efficiency of a venture scrubber depends on the pressure drop experienced during the operation. The scrubber is made of a long tube with consecutive converging and diverging sections with steep rising velocity in the convergent section. This enables the scrubbing liquor to get in contact with the throat and convert the kinetic energy into pressure in the downstream divergent diffuser. When gas flow is a variable, it is necessary to adapt the cross-section of the throat to maintain constant velocity as well as collection efficiency. In a simple tubular design, the throat is made of rubber and pinched pneumatically. Other types consider mechanical control to adapt the cross-sectional area. Amount of water injected is also varied. As water moves in the closed circuit, a settling basin is incorporated that separates the collected dust as slurry. The high velocity of the gas makes it important to consider erosion and abrasion factors as well as corrosion due to the absorption of acid gas compounds. Water treatment of the collected water pose considerable costs to venture dust collectors. The water droplets coalesce to a size of 0.1mm and are separated by centrifugal forces (conventional cyclones), lamellae separator, sick-sack flow, inertial forces and wetted collecting surfaces, or wire or fibre gauge packages. The droplets from venturi scrubbers require entrainment. Therefore droplet separators are required. A two step arrangement is preferred with a first contact using recycled water while the

An Act of Discrimination and Hatred Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An Act of Discrimination and Hatred - Essay Example This means that a Muslim will be looked at suspiciously because of the stereotypes surrounding religion and extremism. This means that an immigrant will be treated as a second-class citizen because of their choice to move out of their home country. This also means that many such immigrants and Muslims will be denied jobs, housing, or healthcare services because of their identity as a Muslim or an immigrant. Racism is being differentiated in order to treat a particular religious or ethnic group in a way that is condescending and unfair. It is being discriminated based on perceived sentiments of superiority and bias. Racism is prejudice. It is hatred towards a particular religious or racial group. It is the biased and unfair treatment of an individual based on a preconceived opinion regarding a specific race. Racism means a denial of a human’s fundamental rights. It is hatred towards other people because they are different. It is prejudice manifested in the form of crimes and violence perpetrated against people of different cultures and racial backgrounds. It is the denial of one’s human rights and is a malpractice against another human. Racism is, therefore, an antithesis of humanity and mankind. Racism is intolerance. Racism is the manifestation of intolerance and bigotry. Racism dismisses any phenomena that are different and results in hatred and discrimination towards people of other races. This is true for immigrants coming from underdeveloped countries as well as Muslims from around the world. Intolerance usually correlates to stereotypes that are associated with a certain community. Racism is a result of narrow-mindedness when it comes to appreciating diversity and variation. Racism often results in violence and maltreatment of people because of the racial differences. Racism causes harm to many people psychologically, physically, and mentally.  

If I were President Essay Example for Free

If I were President Essay I know theyve hurt you bad. Wide, the scars you have. Baby let me straighten out your broken bones, All your faults to me make you more beautiful. I cant help it, I love the broken ones, The ones who, Need the most patching up. The ones who, Never been loved, Never been loved, Never been loved enough. Maybe I see a part of me in them. The missing piece always trying to fit in. The shattered heart, Hungry for a home. No youre not alone, I love the broken ones. You dont have to drive, With your headlights off. Its a pocketknife, Not a gift from God. Dont you learn of love from the love they kept. I will be your anchor slowly, Step by step. I cant help it, I love the broken ones, The ones who, Need the most patching up. The ones who, Never been loved, Never been loved, Never been loved enough. Maybe I see a part of me in them. The missing piece always trying to fit in. The shattered heart, Hungry for a home. No youre not alone, I love the broken ones. I love the broken ones. Maybe we can rip off the bandage. Maybe you will see it for what it is. Maybe we can burn this building, Holding you in. I cant help it, I love the broken ones, The ones who, Need the most patching up. The ones who, Never been loved, Never been loved, Never been loved enough. Maybe I see a part of me in them. The missing piece always trying to fit in. The shattered heart, Hungry for a home. No youre not alone, I love the broken ones. I love the broken ones. I love the broken ones. I love the broken ones. Lost Im out on my own again Face down in the porcelain Feeling so high but looking so low Party favors on the floor Group of girls banging on the door So many new fair-weather friends ooo: Have you ever been so lost Known the way and still so lost Caught in the eye of a hurricane Slowly waving goodbye like a pageant parade So sick of this town pulling me down My mother says I should come back home but Cant find the way cause the way is gone So if I pray am I just sending words into outer space Have you ever been so lost Known the way and still so lost Another night waiting for someone to take me home Have you ever been so lost Is there a light Is there a light At the end of the road Im pushing everyone away Cause I cant feel this anymore Cant feel this anymore Have you ever been so lost Known the way and still so lost Another night waiting for someone to take me home Have you ever been so lost Have you ever been so LOST. The One-Eyed One-Horned Flying Purple People Eater Well I saw the thing coming out of the sky It had one long horn and one big eye I commenced to shakin and I said oo-wee It looks like a purple people eater to me It was a one-eyed one-horned flying purple people eater Sure looks good to me Well, he came down to earth and he lit in a tree I said mr Purple People Eater dont eat me I heard him say in a voice so gruff I wouldnt eat you cos youre too tough It was a one-eyed one-horned flying purple people eater It sure looks strange to me I said mr Purple People Eater whats your line He said eating purple people and it sure is fine But thats not the reason that I came to land I wanna get a job in a rock n roll band Well, bless my soul rock n roll flying purple people eater Pigeon-toed under-growed flyin purple people eater one-eyed one-horned it was a people eater What a sight to see Well, he swung from the tree and he lit on the ground he started to rock really rockin around It was a crazy ditty with a swinging tune Wop bop a lula wop bam boom one-eyes one-horned flying people eater Ooh, it sure looks strange to me Well he went on his way and then what do you know I saw him last night on a TV show He was a blowin it out and really knockin them dead Playing rock n roll music through the horn in his head The Lion Sleeps Tonight : (A-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh) (A-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh) In the jungle, the mighty jungle The lion sleeps tonight In the jungle the quiet jungle The lion sleeps tonight Near the village the peaceful village The lion sleeps tonight Near the village the quiet village The lion sleeps tonight Hush my darling dont fear my darling The lion sleeps tonight Hush my darling dont fear my darling The lion sleeps tonight (A-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh) (A-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh, a-weema-weh) In the jungle, the mighty jungle The lion sleeps tonight In the jungle the quiet jungle The lion sleeps tonight Near the village the peaceful village The lion sleeps tonight Near the village the quiet village The lion sleeps tonight Hush my darling dont fear my darling The lion sleeps tonight Hush my darling dont fear my darling The lion sleeps tonight YOU’RE GONNA GO FAR KID Show me how to lie Youre getting better all the time And turning all against the one Is an art thats hard to teach Another clever word Sets off an unsuspecting herd And as you get back into line A mob jumps to their feet Now dance, dance, dance Man, he never had a chance And no one even knew It was really only you And now you steal away Take him out today Nice work you did Youre gonna go far, kid With a thousand lies And a good disguise Hit em right between the eyes Hit em right between the eyes When you walk away Nothing more to say See the lightning in your eyes See em running for their lives Slowly out of line And drifting closer in your sights So play it out Im wide awake Its a scene about me Theres something in your way And now someone is gonna pay And if you cant get what you want Well its all because of me Now dance, dance, dance Man, I never had a chance And no one even knew It was really only you And now youll lead the way Show the light of day Nice work you did Youre gonna go far, kid Trust, deceived! With a thousand lies And a good disguise Hit em right between the eyes Hit em right between the eyes When you walk away Nothing more to say See the lightning in your eyes See em running for their lives Now dance, dance, dance He never had a chance And no one even knew It was really only you So dance, dance, dance I never had a chance It was really only you With a thousand lies And a good disguise Hit em right between the eyes Hit em right between the eyes When you walk away Nothing more to say See the lightning in your eyes See em running for their lives Clever alibis Lord of the flies Hit em right between the eyes Hit em right between the eyes When you walk away Nothing more to say See the lightning in your eyes See em running for their lives Keep Holding On Youre not alone Together we stand Ill be by your side, you know Ill take your hand When it gets cold And it feels like the end Theres no place to go You know I wont give in No I wont give in Keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through Just stay strong Cause you know Im here for you, Im here for you Theres nothing you could say Nothing you could do Theres no other way when it comes to the truth So keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through So far away I wish you were here Before its too late, this could all disappear Before the doors close And it comes to an end With you by my side I will fight and defend Ill fight and defend Yeah, yeah Keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through Just stay strong Cause you know Im here for you, Im here for you Theres nothing you could say Nothing you could do Theres no other way when it comes to the truth So keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through Hear me when I say, when I say I believe Nothings gonna change, nothings gonna change destiny Whatevers meant to be will work out perfectly Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah La da da da La da da da La da da da da da da da da Keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through Just stay strong Cause you know Im here for you, Im here for you Theres nothing you could say Nothing you could do Theres no other way when it comes to the truth So keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through Keep holding on Keep holding on Theres nothing you could say Nothing you could do Theres no other way when it comes to the truth So keep holding on Cause you know well make it through, well make it through What Doesnt Kill You (Stronger) You know the bed feels warmer Sleeping here alone You know I dream in color And do the things I want You think you got the best of me Think youve had the last laugh Bet you think that everything good is gone Think you left me broken down Think that Id come running back Baby you dont know me, cause youre dead wrong What doesnt kill you makes you stronger Stand a little taller Doesnt mean Im lonely when Im alone What doesnt kill you makes a fighter Footsteps even lighter Doesnt mean Im over cause youre gone What doesnt kill you makes you stronger, stronger Just me, myself and I What doesnt kill you makes you stronger Stand a little taller Doesnt mean Im lonely when Im alone You heard that I was starting over with someone new They told you I was moving on, over you You didnt think that Id come back Id come back swinging You try to break me, but you see What doesnt kill you makes you stronger Stand a little taller Doesnt mean Im lonely when Im alone What doesnt kill you makes a fighter Footsteps even lighter Doesnt mean Im over cause youre gone What doesnt kill you makes you stronger, stronger Just me, myself and I What doesnt kill you makes you stronger Stand a little taller Doesnt mean Im lonely when Im alone Thanks to you I got a new thing started Thanks to you Im not the broken-hearted Thanks to you Im finally thinking about me You know in the end the day you left was just my beginning In the end What doesnt kill you makes you stronger Stand a little taller Doesnt mean Im lonely when Im alone What doesnt kill you makes a fighter Footsteps even lighter Doesnt mean Im over cause youre gone

The Growing Trend of Sex and Violence in Media Today Essay -- essays r

Modern day society is composed of rules and structures. The general public has become much more sensitive over the years, resulting in a very politically correct atmosphere. Moreover, parents have decided that the opportune way of reaching their ambitions is through the lives of their children. Under this strict lifestyle, one would presume that our values are very conservative. Surprisingly, the opposite is true. Due to the sexual and violent permissiveness in today’s Multi-Media, our society has developed a sordid standard of morals. Sex is often considered to be taboo among families. Parents do not want to believe that their children are aware of it, and vice-versa. While the family is living in a state of denial, the media is embracing sexuality. It is almost impossible to go anywhere without being exposed to sexual media. Virtually all advertisements, regardless of form, use sexuality to sell their product. This ranges from beer commercials using scantily clad women to advertise their product to males, to magazines that draw our attention by writing the word â€Å"sex† in big, bold...

Gender Discrimination Essay

Gender discrimination is an important issue in the workplace in today’s world. Female employees are facing gender discrimination in the form of different dimensions. This discrimination is disturbing their performance. The main aim of this study is to see the effect of these gender discrimination dimensions which include glass ceiling, salary gap and discrimination in facilities on the productivity of female employees with the mediating effect of job commitment and job satisfaction. The research is focused on the private education sector. The population frame is the female teachers in the private education institutes. A sample of 130 female teachers is collected for this study. The framework is developed for our study for checking the impact of glass ceiling, salary gap and discrimination in facilities on the productivity of female employees. The hypotheses are developed and after the data analysis some of the hypothesis are rejected and some of the hypothesis are not rejected. The hypotheses that the glass ceiling, discrimination in facilities and salary gap has negative impact on employee productivity is accepted which made us to conclude that these discrimination has a big impact on employee productivity and ultimately organizational performance. This study will give some guidelines to the managers and policy makers in any organization that how to reduce these discriminations. Key words: Gender discrimination, Glass ceiling, Employee productivity, salary gap, discrimination in facilities, job satisfaction, job commitment, Paper type: Research Paper 1. Introduction 1.1 Significance/Rationales of study The study came up with the solutions to the problem of gender discrimination at work place. This study will help the people to be aware of this dominating problem of gender discrimination and its reasons. This study can also identify the positive and negative effects of discrimination on the world of business and personal lives of people. Gender discrimination is a wide phenomenon which is affecting every political, social and economic life. In this era where everyone think that there should be equal rights for men and women, there are some occurrences of people who are being discriminated because of their gender. It is not an issue, which one can easily tolerate or ignore. Gender discrimination is understood as the unequal treatment against people of either sex, but statistics shows that women are the one who are more discriminated just being a female (Lila Adhikari, 2008). Gender issues were first pointed out in 1950s, but it’s been highlighted in organization and management studies in between 1980s and 1990s. In this duration many studies on effect of gender discrimination on employees were conducted. One study shows that gender discrimination is inversely proportional to job commitment and satisfaction which means it reduces the employee’s productivity which ultimately affects the organizational productivity (Zahid Ali Channar, 2011). Many factors have been identified which are responsible for gender discrimination in work place, which are education, promotion, marriage and child bearing and environment. If we look in context of promotion, a wide practice used is glass ceiling, a process by which women are not promoted to high level of jobs (Bell, 2002). Last year report issued by a commission of glass ceiling that shows that there are only 7 to 9 percent of managers that are in senior positions are women at fortune 1000 (kom and catalyst, 2012). 81 % employers dislike to hire a female. 49 % not carefully planning their careers to benefit women and above of all a survey tells that only 1 percent CEOs or even less than 1 percent take it as first concern, the development of women (Mauricio, 2012). 1.2 Problem Statement HRM in any organization is related to staffing, motivating and maintaining the organization (Decenzo, 1998). 50 years ago, due to homogeneity of work force the HRM was very simple, but now-a-days the workforce is heterogeneous. Managing this heterogeneity required such a staff that can create an equitable environment so that no group has any kind of advantage or disadvantage on other group (Wayne, 1995). Heterogeneity in workplace gave birth to gender discrimination, which has become an intense situation in Pakistan and affecting the employee’s productivity (Qaiser Abbas, 2011). An employee perform difficult tasks for the survival and improvement of organization but gender discrimination reduces the employee’s satisfaction, commitment and enthusiasm and increases the stress level which ultimately affects the productivity of an employee (Zahid Ali Channar, 2011). These studies did not discuss that how dimensions of gender discrimination effect the productivity of employee. The dimensions of gender discrimination include discrimination in promotions, discrimination in salary and discrimination in facilities provided. So there is a need to explore the effect of different dimensions of gender discrimination on the productivity of employee. 1.3 Aim of the study This study investigates that how different dimensions of gender discrimination effect the employee productivity. It would be helpful for any organization in the process of policy making which will ultimately increase the productivity of an organization. 1.4 Research Objectives 1) To identify that whether gender discrimination has an effect on productivity of employees in private educational institutes. 2) To explore how the productivity of employees is affected by gender discrimination in promotion, salary and facilities provided in private educational institutes. 3) To examine the results of the survey. 4) To recommend some reformed measures to the policy makers for the future. 1.5 Research Questions 1) What is relation between the employee productivity and gender discrimination? 2) What is effect of gender discrimination in promotion, salary and facilities on the performance of an employee? 2. Literature Review This literature view is based on the evaluation of gender discrimination on employee’s productivity. The gender discrimination now exist most of the organization around the world. Gender discrimination may exist in different dimensions like discrimination in promotions, facilities and Salaries. In simple words gender discrimination can be defined as the unfair treatment or behavior based on gender. It is said to occur when an individual’s decision is based on gender. Gender discrimination was attempted to define by no law. If we look in the perspective of employment, it is giving more advantage to a particular group (Wayne, 1995). This thing results in the decreased productivity of employees. 2.1 Gender Discrimination in Global Perspective The first form of discrimination was found by the universal declaration of human rights (1948). Gender discrimination is now a social disease which is destroying the lives of women around the world. Sen (1991) shows us that if equal treatment and opportunities were given then there should be more 100 million females than are presently alive. Many steps were taken to eliminate the gender discrimination but none of them was proved to be effective. The Beijing conference that documented 12 most prominent areas of discrimination was a big step in eliminating the gender discrimination (UNFPA, 2005). It is proved from the studies that gender discrimination has an influence on the employee productivity. A study shows that if there is a proper policy of gender discrimination there will be a change in employee’s productivity (Naqi Abbas, 2010). 2.2 Glass Ceiling Women in workplace face a wide practice called glass ceiling. This is a practice in which women are ignored when making a promotion policy or promoting an employee. We can see that in every organization the executive posts are held by males. According to a study only 3 percent of the most paid executives are female and these posts are disproportionately held by men (Healy and Zukka, 2004). Women are mostly entrusted in small projects not the big one. They are being kept deprived from international assignment which is keeping away from their promotions. Nick (1991) had conducted the study on international careers of women. His study clearly shows that there is a glass ceiling effect. Women are not being encouraged to do new projects on new markets and they are being kept at junior manager positions. Gender discrimination is not directly related to productivity. The relation of employee productivity and gender discrimination is mediated by job satisfaction and job commitment. Employees who faces policies and practices of gender discrimination show less satisfaction with their job (Ensher et al, 2001). When individuals’ face gender discrimination in workplace they show a low level of job commitment so gender discrimination has a negative relation with job commitment and job satisfaction (Sharon Foley, 2005). Gender discrimination creates tension and reduces the satisfaction of people and it is the study of 139 Hispanic male and female (Sanchez, 1996). The productivity of a happy worker is higher than an unhappy worker (Rabins, 1999,). Employee satisfaction plays a vital role in its productivity and there is a significant relation of job satisfaction with employee productivity (Pushpakumari, 2008). Job satisfaction lead to organizational responsibility, mental health and finally employee productivity (Coomber, 2007). Another study shows us that the organizations who perceive greater gender discrimination report less satisfaction and commitment (Ellen A. Ensher, 2001). The hypotheses are given below: 1) Glass ceiling has negative impact on employee productivity. 2) Glass ceiling is negatively related with employee productivity. 3) Job Satisfaction is positively related with employee productivity. 4) Job satisfaction mediates the relation between gender discrimination in promotions and employee productivity. 2.3 Discrimination in facilities In a workplace an employee is provided with many facilities which helps them to complete their task which include computers, air conditioners, assistant and transport facilities etc. If on a work place if such kind of facilities are provided to a male employee and not provided to a female employee of a same post. The female employee will start to think that the upper management don’t care about them which will increase their stress level and the satisfaction level of that employee cold be decreased which will affect the employee’s productivity. The hypotheses are given below: 1) Gender discrimination in facilities has negative impact on employee productivity. 2) Gender discrimination in facilities is negatively related with job satisfaction. 3) Job Satisfaction mediates the relationship between gender discrimination in facilities and employee productivity. 2.4 Salary Gap Another dimension of discrimination is the Salary gap. Women usually get low pay then men in any job they are appointed. Ashraf and Ashraf (1993) study shows that there is a gap of 63.27 percent in salary in 1979, and in 1986 it decreases to 33.09 percent. This was the decline in every province. Discrimination is not the phenomenon of one or two countries, it exist in most of the developed countries like USA. A study showed that women dietitians in USA earn 45,258 dollars per year while men earn 50,250 dollars per year (Pollard, 2007). Managers at top level in organization mostly prefer their own interest rather than others. They think that superiors who have power on their careers will support them. According to Susan et al (1998) mostly top managers in any organization are the people who are more biased against females and these people save interest of their own. The study shows that job commitment is significant related with productivity, there exist high degree of correlation between commitment and productivity. Individuals that are highly committed proved to be more productive and have higher satisfaction and have no intention to leave the job rather than employee with low job commitment (Varsha, 2012). The hypotheses are given below: 1) Salary gap has negative impact on employee productivity. 2) Salary gap is negatively related with job commitment 3) Job Commitment is positively related with employee productivity 4) Job Commitment mediates the relation between salary gap and employee productivity. 2.5 Gender discrimination in Pakistan Pakistan is also one of the countries where gender discrimination is seen in most of the organizations. We all know Pakistan is a male dominating society and women are being treated unfairly in every field of profession. Gender discrimination has spread its root from public organizations to private organizations. Women are being kept at low level jobs and they are not promoted to high posts due to biasness of top level managers and policy makers. A study by Ghizala Kazi (2011) shows us that no women in the public organizations are in the scale of 20 or more. There are very few women above scale 15. Most of the women are under 15th scale, which shows the situation of discrimination in Pakistan. Many factors for this situation were identified like education, promotion, environment, child bearing and discrimination. If such kinds of discrimination is eliminated than the productivity of these women employees could be increased. There are evidences that the promotion of gender equality leads to a better performance and improved economy of concerned society. The societies who have greater female employment opportunities are less corrupt and have better governance (Klasen, 2006). This is not the end of discriminations in Pakistan. A women employee is also discriminated in Salary, which is a basic right of an employee that he should get compensated according to his work and post. In Pakistan you will see men and women working on same job level but different pay. In the report of poverty in Pakistan it is clearly proved that majority of women are concentrated in low paid jobs with very few opportunity for moving upward (Shah et al, 2004). If we look in the export industries of Pakistan which is a backbone in measurement of economy of Pakistan we will see the similar situation of discrimination. The study of Siddique (2006) surveyed the industries of export that are in Karachi, Sialkot and Faisalabad. The results from this study confirms the gender discrimination and shows that men were getting 20 percent more than then women working at the same post. It was also concluded that adjustment policies and change in labor market has a negative impact on females. To have maximum output from women employee the organizational culture of discrimination should be changed. Organizational culture affects the performance of employee. Organizational environment and culture can make the workplace attractive and supportive for a female employee. Attitudes of peers and support from family are also very significant for the female employee (Irfan, 2009). Many studies have discussed the gender discrimination as a general term but there is need to explore the discrimination in different dimensions and how these dimensions affect the productivity of employees. Gender discrimination has three dimensions which include discrimination in promotions, salary and facilities provided. So this study will be based on exploring the effect of dimensions of gender discrimination on productivity of employees. 3. Conceptual framework In the literature review of this topic the framework has been defined which show the relationship between the variables. Correlation is basically run to analyze the relationship between two or more variable. It also measure that how two variables move in relation to each other. It measures the strength and direction of linear relationship between two variables with respect to each other. The sign of the value shows the direction that whether it is negative or positive. Positive sign shows that the variables are moving in same direction means if one variable is increasing the other variable is also increasing and negative sign shows that if one variable is increasing then other variable is decreasing. The magnitude shows the intensity between variable. If the value is between 0.1 and 0.5 then the variables are weakly correlated. If the value is between 0.5 and 0.7 then the variables are moderately correlated. If the value is between 0.7 and 0.99 then the variables are strongly correlated. The value 1 shows the perfect correlation between variables. Table 5 shows the intensity and the direction of any two variables. Highest value of correlation is 0.753 which is between gender discrimination in facilities and glass ceiling. So the correlation between discrimination in facilities and glass ceiling is positive and strongly correlated. The relationship between DF and EP, and DF and JS, and JC and SG is negative. So it means that if you have more salary gap than your commitment to job will be less but its value is less than any else two variables, so we can say that job commitment will be less but with very small value, and if you have more discrimination in facilities then your productivity will be less. The remaining variables have positive relation with each other. The relationship is significant at 1% which means there are 99% chances that the relationship between all two variables will remain the same if the sample is changes and sample size and population remains same as shown in the table given below. 5.7 Regression This research is to check the effect of gender discrimination dimensions which are glass ceiling, salary gap and discrimination in facilities on the employee productivity. This research also includes two mediating variables job satisfaction and job commitment. Job satisfaction is mediating between glass ceiling and employee productivity and also discrimination in facilities and employee productivity. Job commitment is mediating between salary gap and employee productivity. For this 9 hypothesis were developed. For the purpose of checking the impact regression has been applied. The model has only one dependent variable so there will be one model of regression equation. There will be separate equation for mediating variable to check the mediating effect of variables between independent and dependent variable. In first model we run the regression equation between EP, GC, DF, SG, JC and Job satisfaction. 5.7.1 Regression Equation EP = 4.66 – 0.38GC – 0.86DF – 0.26SG + 0.017JC + 0.167JS The Above equation shows that if all the other variables remain unchanged or have value of zero then the productivity of employee remains at 14.66. It is the fixed value of employee productivity. The coefficient values tell the per unit change in the employee productivity so if we increase the value of GC, SG and DF then the value of employee productivity will decrease by 0.38, 0.86 and 0.26 respectively. If the value of job commitment increases by one then the value of employee productivity will increase by 0.017. The hypotheses of glass ceiling, discrimination in facilities and job satisfaction are accepted. If the value of job satisfaction is increased then the value of employee productivity will increase by 5.10 Kruskal Wallis Test The non-parametric test will be used that is kruskal-Wallis test. Whenever the assumption of levene test is not fulfilled the non-parametric test i.e. kruskal-Wallis test is used. So kruskal-Wallis test is applied to check the level of job commitment in the females who are earning less than 30,000 between 30,000 and 40,000 and more than 40,000. The table given below shows that the asymptotic value is greater than 0.05so test is insignificant. So there is no difference in the average of glass ceiling in all three populations. So we can conclude that there is no significant difference between the mean of all three population p = 0.509, with a mean rank of 73.45 for below 30,000, 65.20 for 30,000 to 40,000 and 73.00 for above 40,000. 6. Discussion This study is conducted to check the impact of gender discrimination on the productivity of employees. The study included three dimensions of gender discrimination that is discrimination in promotions, discrimination in facilities and discrimination in salary. With the help of previous studies it is found that all these discriminations have negative impact on employee productivity which is mention in literature view. The hypotheses were developed for this study. There are 12 hypotheses that are developed. First hypothesis is that glass ceiling has negative impact on employee productivity. This hypothesis is checked after entering the data into SPSS. He results show that glass ceiling does have negative impact on employee productivity. If women are not being promoted to higher job positions and if there is no such policies related to gender discrimination then the productivity of female employee decreases. Second hypothesis was that the glass ceiling is negatively related with job satisfaction. this hypothesis is checked through the correlation. The table 5 of correlation clearly shows that glass ceiling is negatively related with the job satisfaction and result is also significant so this hypothesis is supported. Third hypothesis is that the job satisfaction is positively related with the employee productivity. The table of correlation shows the positive relation between the two variables. So employee productivity increases as the job satisfactions continues to increase and if job satisfaction decreases the employee productivity also decreases. Fourth hypothesis is that the job satisfaction is mediating between glass ceiling and employee productivity. This hypothesis is checked through the mediation test which consists of four steps. This test did not support the hypothesis so this hypothesis is rejected. Fifth hypothesis is that the discrimination in facilities has negative impact on the employee productivity. This hypothesis is checked by regression. Discrimination in facilities has the negative impact on the employee productivity and it is also significant. So this hypothesis is also supported. The sixth hypothesis is that discrimination in facilities is negatively related with the job satisfaction. This hypothesis is supported because the correlation between them is negative in the table 5. So the discrimination in facilities increases then the satisfaction with the job decreases. The next hypothesis is that the job satisfaction plays the mediating role between the discrimination in facilities and employee productivity. This hypothesis is also checked by the mediation test the result is shown in the table 8 which shows that this hypothesis is not supported. It means that job satisfaction is not mediating between discrimination in facilities and employee productivity. The eights hypothesis that was developed is that salary gap has negative impact on the employee productivity. The hypothesis is not supported as it is checked by regression test which is shown in the table 6. It has negative impact but it is not significant means that if gap is more in salary then employee productivity decreases but not significantly. The ninth hypothesis is that salary gap is negatively related with job commitment. The hypothesis is checked with the correlation which is shown in the table 5 of correlation which shows that the relation between these two variables is negative. So salary gap reduces the job commitment of female employees. The next hypothesis that is developed is that the job commitment is positively related with the employee productivity. The relation is checked with the correlation and hypothesis is supported because results show that there is positive relation between salary gap and job commitment and it is significant. It means more job commitment the more employee productivity. The next hypothesis is that job commitment mediated the relation between the salary gap and employee productivity. This hypothesis is checked by the mediation test and it is not supported. The results show that job commitment does not play a mediating role between salary gap and employee productivity. The t test is also applied to check that whether the level of variables is also applicable on the population. The results are shown in the table 9. This table shows that all the values of p are significant so the level is also the same as the population. The level of job commitment is also checked in the three population related to different income groups that is below 30,000, 30,000-40,000 and more than 40,000. For this purpose the ANOVA is applied but for ANOVA the assumption of levene test should be fulfilled that is its value should be insignificant. The table 10 shows that levene test assumption is not fulfilled so the non-parametric test is used. The non-parametric test is the Kruskal-Willis test. This test is applied and the hypothesis is rejected as its asymptotic value is not significant. So it means that the there is no significant difference between the job commitment of females who are earning less than 30000, 30000-40000 and more than 40000. 7. Implication Through this study the impact of gender discrimination is checked on the employee productivity. The productivity of an employee is much important for an organization. So the management should consider the issue of gender discrimination as it is shown that the gender discrimination has negative impact on the employee productivity. As our sector for this research is the private education institutes which are very important sector for a developing countries so the management should consider reforming its policies. The management should make transparent, merit based recruitment and selection, it should also provide the training for better performance of female employee so that they can be promoted, they could be provided similarly facilities and different incentive so that they compete economically with the men as all these discriminations are effecting their productivity. 8. Limitation This study was only focused to the three dimensions of gender discrimination and employee productivity is the only variable that is measured that effect the productivity of organization. This research was only examining the education sector and the data was collected only from private institutions. The data was also 140 and it was collected only from the schools that are in the city area the educations institutes in the village was not collected so therefore the ability of generalizability of our findings were restricted and this can lead us to the biasness of respondents (Paul et al., 2003). 9. Conclusion This study provided an insight that how the dimensions of gender discrimination affect the productivity of employee. The data has been collected from different private education institutes through questionnaire. After the analysis that we have done on SPSS we can conclude that gender discrimination has a negative impact on the employee productivity which ultimately affect the performance of employee. The result of impact of salary gap on the employee productivity is not significant. So if the organizations want to perform well then they should keep the gender discrimination out of their organizations in order to make their female employees perform well which will be beneficial for the organization. 10. References Channar, Z. A. (2011). Gender Discrimination in Workforce and its Impact. Pak. J. Commer. Soc. Sci, Vol. 5, pp. 177-191. Dixit, V. (2012). A Study about Employee Commitment and its impact. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, pp. 34-51. Abbas, S. M. (2010). Gender Based Wage Discrimination and Its Impact on Performance of Blue Collar Workers: Evidence. KASBIT Business Journal, Vol. 3, pp. 45-63. Hiau, Joo. Kee. (2008) Glass ceiling or sticky floor exploring the Australian gender pay gap. The Economic Record, Vol. 82, No.59, pp. 408-427. Foley, S. (2005). Perceptions of Discrimination and Justice: Are there Gender Differences in Outcomes? Group & Organization Management, Vol. 30, pp. 421-452. Ashraf, J, and B. Ashraf (1993) Estimating the Gender Wage Gap in Rawalpindi City. Journal of Development Studies 29:2. Ensher, E. A., Grant-Vallone, E. J., & Donalson, S. I. (2001). Effects of perceived discrimination on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and grievances. Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 12, pp. 53-72. Prudence Pollard, Maxine Taylor and Noba Daher, Health Care Manager; Jan-Mar2007, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p52-63, 12p, 4 charts Ensher, E. A. (2011). Effects of Perceived discrimination on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviour and grievances. Human resource development quarterly, Vol. 1. Coomber B, Barriball KL. 2007†Impact of job satisfactions on intent to leave and turnover for hospital based nurses: a review of the research literature†, International Journal of Nursing Studies, Vol. 44, pp. 297-314. Joanne Healy and Zucca J. Linda Mid-American Journal of Business; Spring2004, Vol. 19 Issue 1, pp. 55-62. Sen, Amartya, 1999, â€Å"Assessing Human Development Special Contribution† Human Development Report 1999 (New York: UNDP). Shah, Parveen. Memon, Rajab. A. (2004). Socio-economic and demographic status of rural women in Sindh. Proceedings of the international conference on social sciences: endangered and engendered, Fatima Jinnah women university, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, pp. 98-113. Nick, Foster. (1999) another ‘glass ceiling’? The experiences of women professionals and managers on international assignments, Gender, Work and Organization, Blackwell publisher’s ltd., Vol. 6, no. 2, pp.79-89. United Nation Population Fund (UNFPA), 2004, Programme of Action: Adopted at the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo 1994 Wayne, F. Casico, (1995) Managing Human Resource, Productivity, Quality of work life, Profits, McGraw hill Internationals, 4th ed. pp. 61-116. Susan, Trentham. Laurie, Larwood, (1998) Gender discrimination and the workplace: an examination of rational bias theory, Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, Jan, 1998, pp. 1-22. Sanchez, J. I., & Brock, P. (1996). Outcomes of perceived discrimination among Hispanic employees: Is diversity management a luxury or a necessity? Academy of Management Journal, 39 (3), 704–719. 11. Appendices Questionnaire We are students of B.sc (Hons) Accounting & Finance, currently doing a research project on gender discrimination and its Impact on employee’s performance for which the questionnaire is being distributed to collect empirical data. Therefore you are kindly requested to fill this questionnaire. The information will be kept confidential and will be used for only academic Purpose it will take 15-20 min to complete the data. Thank you in anticipation (Strongly Disagree = 1, Strongly Agree = 5) Employee Productivity

When Will Inmates Escape Poverty - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 602 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Poverty Essay Did you like this example? When or how will we lower the crime rates if we arent offering inmates a chance to be able to work? Ex-cons and local people suffering economic poverty should be undoubtedly given the necessary right to vote, work, and be naturally accepted in modern society for whom they are and where they come from. Many individuals wouldnt want to employ a felon with a criminal record, but if we dont then there would be more crimes. To be undoubtedly given the right to vote is everyones right even if your in prison, thats the one essential thing that shouldnt be taken away.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "When Will Inmates Escape Poverty" essay for you Create order A Borgen Project For Prison Reform is a cite that stated, Many incarcerated people suffer economically from economic poverty, which leads to homelessness, crime, drugs and violence.By this quote, how is economic poverty/unforgivable crime rates going lower if their not given an opportunity? This is essentially a routine.Once your out of prison you typically try to apply for a job then you get instantly rejected, at that point youll commit a economic crime, and land back in jail. In Chapter 6 of The Golden Gulag, Gilmore talks about social change or better yet what needs to be done instantly. Gilmore says, Unravel rather than widen the social net of social control through criminalization?(Ch.Six pg. 242.) As said in The Golden Gulag, there were many choices proposed for the use of prisons to resolve social, political, and economic problems that get involved with the system, Such that a reform strengthens, rather than loosens, prisons hold. This basically means that a prison is full rather than empty. Executing inmates, immigrants, and people suffering poverty a chance to prove themselves to be able to work in society wouldnt lower the crime rates.This doesnt necessarily mean providing them the most skilled job but at least providing them a position, a six-week trial to be able to prove others that they can be hard workers. There are only few specific places where violent inmates can be given a chance since many prisoners cannot reasonably afford the Centres democratic reformation.The UNODC sufficiently develops these academic resources within the current prison system affordable. The Dominican Najayo prison, ideal classrooms are typically built Dedicated to tentatively reach specific goals of zero percent illiteracies and the sufficient provision of college-level courses.Its said that prisoners there are treated more humanely with a decent bed, desk in the academic classroom and medical attention. The war on drugs and local police are intentionally targeting young black and brown men. Low-income fathers are being forcefully removed from the local workforce and their infants. Many particular employers refuse to hire people with all the minor criminal records, and many parolees are locked out of housing, even necessary education.Structural racial prejudice has placed an even more enormous burden on black and Latino kids, particularly low income children, leaving them to isolated, resource-poor, and excluded poor communities.Undocumented workers face limited employment options and are easily exploited by specific employers. Theres a lot of work to be undoubtedly done in the U.S., but it wont generate a decent profit and wont bother giving Ex-Cons a chance. Thats where the government can or should help and invest in fixing old bridges, building mass transit, instantly converting clean renewable energy source and necessary investments in vital services like local schools, affordable childcare and elder care efficiently generate both social benefits and decent jobs. These jobs should be offered to inmates or low in-come people suffering in poverty. These jobs can help them prove themselves that they want to escape poverty.